Slow growth, short stature: Is it hypopituitarism?

Hypopituitarism may be caused by a benign pituitary tumor, a genetic mutation, an infection or brain injury.

Norton Children’s Endocrinology

Norton Children’s Endocrinology provides care for all types of endocrine disorders, including Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, as well as short-term and chronic disorders of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands and gonads (testicles and ovaries).

Hypopituitarism is when the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain, is underactive. Most frequently, it does not produce enough of the hormones needed for growth and development. This condition also can impact other functions of the endocrine system, including a child’s blood sugar and blood pressure.

“Hypopituitarism can cause poor growth as well as delayed sexual development,” said Suzanne E. Kingery, M.D., pediatric endocrinologist with Norton Children’s Endocrinology, affiliated with the UofL School of Medicine. “Some symptoms can mimic other conditions, so it’s important to discuss your child’s symptoms thoroughly with your provider.”

What causes hypopituitarism?

Hypopituitarism may be caused by a benign pituitary tumor, a genetic mutation, an infection or brain injury. Sometimes the cause of this condition is unknown.

What are the symptoms of hypopituitarism?

Symptoms can vary, depending on the types of hormones that are affected by this condition, and the age of the child. This condition may develop gradually or suddenly and may range in its level of severity.

Symptoms in babies may include:

  • Jaundice
  • Small penis
  • Excessive urination
  • Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

Symptoms in older children may include:

  • Slowed growth
  • Short stature
  • Delayed sexual development
  • Sensitivity to cold
  • Facial puffiness
  • Decreased energy
  • Muscle weakness

Diagnosis requires blood tests. Diagnostic imaging, such as an MRI or CT scan, may be necessary to detect any tumors on the pituitary gland. Because growth is often delayed in a child with hypopituitarism, bone X-rays may be conducted as well.

How is hypopituitarism treated?

Treatment depends on the child’s age, the cause of their condition and the types of hormones that are deficient. The goal is to restore the pituitary gland to normal functioning. Medications or hormone replacement therapy may be able to treat symptoms. For children with a tumor of the pituitary gland, radiation or surgery may be necessary.