First Aid: Heat Illness

Heat exhaustion starts slowly, but if it's not quickly treated it can progress to heatstroke. In heatstroke, a person's temperature reaches 105°F (40.5°C) or higher. Heatstroke requires immediate emergency medical care and can be life-threatening.

Signs and Symptoms

Of heat exhaustion:

• increased thirst
• weakness and extreme tiredness
• fainting
• muscle cramps
• nausea and vomiting
• irritability
• headache
• increased sweating
• cool, clammy skin
• body temperature rises, but to less than 105°F (40.5°C)

Of heatstroke:

• severe headache
• weakness, dizziness
• confusion
• fast breathing and heartbeat
• loss of consciousness (passing out)
• seizures
• little or no sweating
• flushed, hot, dry skin
• body temperature rises to 105°F (40.5°C) or higher

What to Do

If your child has symptoms of heatstroke, get emergency medical care immediately.

For cases of heat exhaustion or while awaiting help for a child with possible heatstroke:

• Bring the child indoors or into the shade immediately.
• Undress the child.
• Have the child lie down; raise the feet slightly.
• If the child is alert, place in a lukewarm bath or spray with lukewarm water. 
• If the child is alert and coherent, give frequent sips of cool, clear fluids.
• If the child is vomiting, turn onto his or her side to prevent choking.

Think Prevention!

• Teach kids to always drink plenty of liquids before and during any activity in hot, sunny weather — even if they aren't thirsty.
• Make sure kids wear light-colored, loose clothing in warm weather.
• Remind kids to look for shaded areas and rest often while outside.
• Don't let kids participate in heavy activity outdoors during the hottest hours of the day.
• Teach kids to come indoors immediately whenever they feel overheated.